Effects of Magnetic Fields Produced from Long Wires

Effects of magnetized Fields Produced from Long electrifysFaradays constabulary Laboratory ExerciseAn investigation into the make of charismatic handle produced from desire outfits and likeness of supposed and sampleal results by dint of the use of Amperes Law and Faradays LawContents1. Summary2. set in motionation garment2.1 macrocosm to Method2.1.1 Apparatus2.1.2 Procedure3. Results3.1 bingle Wire look into3.2 individual fit out experiment with Ferrite ticker3.3 Double Wire Experiment4. interchange5. Conclusion6. ReferencesAppendix A Raw DataElectromagnets and the magnetized palms that they produce provide the foundations for the development of various major industries in contemporary society, including medicine, transport and robotics. However, there lav be inaccuracies with their use caused by a phenomenon known as Electro magnetic limp (EMI). In this experiment, a await drum roll was place near a restore conducting wire with a veritable flowing through it, and the generate potentiality crossways the rolling was metrical and bear witnessed as the drum roll was moved away from the wire to investigate the effect of infinite on the magnitude of the magnetic unite while the effects of a ferrite warmheartedness on the magnetic sphere produced were also explored. The experimental and opening-based results highlighted the same trends, confirming the expectation that an change magnitude in aloofness would cause a decrease in the magnitude of magnetic run. The differences in results ass be considered due to EMI from the return liaison, which can induce unwanted voltages in the circuit.A magnetic field is the sphere in the neighbourhood of a magnet, electric authentic or changing electric field in which magnetic forces argon observable. (1) An electromagnetic field is the form of magnetic field generated by the flow of electric current it is caused by the movement and acceleration of the electrons. (2) Electrom agnets play an important role in the continued development of many major industries, while there atomic number 18 already numerous effectual applications of them in modern society. The electromagnetic palm they produce are vital in medical practises such(prenominal) as MRI scans where they are used to alter the alignment of hydrogen atoms in the body (3) the production of high-speed Maglev grows which eliminates friction by allowing the train to levitate (4) and the continued scientific re calculate into superconductors and rapid acceleration which provides the foot for particle accelerators. (5)However, constantly changing electromagnetic palm, especially in electric circuits, can cause a phenomenon known as electromagnetic Interference (EMI) which can induce unwanted voltages and affect the performance of electronic devices. The firmament of engineering which aims to eradicate the problems caused by these disturbances is known as Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). (6)(7)d euce compares which form the fundamental basis for electromagnetism and its understanding are Amperes Circuital Law and Faradays Law.Amperes Law states that the magnetic field, B, caused by an electric current is proportional to the sizing of the electric current. (8) ( compare 1)However, in this experiment, the current, I, flowing through the circuit remains constant, as does the permeability of free space, , and 2, and therefore the magnetic field, B, is expected to be inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.Faradays Law states that any change in the magnetic environment of a wire will cause a voltage to be induce in the wire. (9) (equation 2)If = BA and a curving variation of the magnetic field is assumed (equation 3)where is the induce voltage, N is the turns on the coil, A is the area of the coil and is the angular frequency. As N, A and are constant, the magnetic field, B, should be directly proportional to the induced voltage, E, in this investigation.2.1 I ntroduction to Method2.1.1 ApparatusAgilent symbol generator to vary the frequency of the mugal provided to the circuit.Twin wire board as shown in forms 1 and 2, containing a fixed wire, an adjustable return connection wire and a 50 resistor in series with the circuit.Rectangular air cored coil of dimensions 30mm x 30mm and containing 50 turns, used to measure the changing B field from the wire.Ferrite core to alter the effects of the B field on the coil.Digital Multimeter to record the voltages crosswise the resistor and the explore coil, measuring with an uncertainty of +0.0005mV.2.1.2 ProcedureThe considerable wire board was connected to the Agilent gradeal generator, ensuring that the 50 resistor was in series with the circuit. One connection was make victimisation the fixed wire on the board the other was made using a long connection pull kept the farthest distance away from the experiment as possible, as demonstrated in figure 1. A sign quiver signal of frequency 60k Hz was selected and the voltage crossways the resistor recorded, allowing a current to be calculated. The rectangular search coil was then placed over over against the fixed wire 2cm away from the centre line and the voltage across the coil measured. The coil was then moved at a pay angle away from the fixed wire in increments of 1cm and the voltage across the coil measured at each of these points. The input sign wave frequency was then altered to 30kHz and the experimental procedure was repeated. The input sign wave frequency was then returned to 60Hz and a round ferrite core inserted into the search coil the experiment was then repeated again.The long connection lead was then changed to provide a rook connection as shown in figure 2. A sign wave signal of frequency 60kHz was again selected and the current calculated. The rectangular search coil was then placed against the short connection wire 2cm away from the centre line and the voltage across the coil measured. The coil wa s then moved in the same room as above and the voltages recorded. The input sign wave frequency was again altered to 30kHz and the experiment was repeated.The current through the circuit was calculated using Ohms lawwhere V is the measured voltage across the resistor (3.385 V) and R is the known resistor value 50, giving = 191mA.For the single wire and double wire at some(prenominal) frequencies, and the single wire at 60kHz with the ferrite core, the distance of the search coil away from the wire, d, and the RMS voltage across the search coil, E, were recorded and collected in three tables which can be found in Appendix A. The RMS voltages measured were then converted into peak-to-peak voltage value for use in equation 3. The resultant experimental B handle for the respective frequencies were then calculated using equation 3, using N = 50 and A = 9x and included in the tables.3.1 Single Wire ExperimentFor the single wire experiment, theoretic determine for the magnetic flux c loseness at each distance were then calculated using equation 1. A graph of B against the distance from the wire was then plot for both frequencies and a comparison between experimental and theoretical set made on both graphs.3.2 Single wire experiment with Ferrite CoreWith the ferrite core introduced into the search coil, at a frequency of 60kHz, the voltage across the search coil was measured and a graph of the induced EMF, V, against distance plotted. The induced EMF without the ferrite core is also plotted for reference.3.3 Double Wire ExperimentFor the double wire experiment, two theoretical value for the magnetic flux density were calculated one for the magnetic flux induced by the fixed wire and one for the magnetic flux induced by the short connection wire. These were both calculated using equation 1, using a reference of +0cm for the short connection and +15cm for the fixed wire. These values were then combined using the principle of superposition and an overall theoretica l value for magnetic flux density at each distance calculated. Again, a graph of B against the distance from the wire was plotted for both frequencies and a comparison between experimental and theoretical values made on both graphs.It was expected that as the distance of the search coil away from the fixed wire increased, the voltage induced across the coil would decrease and therefore the magnetic flux density, B, would also decrease. A comparison of the experimental and theoretical data points from figures 3 and 4 shows a lick correlation between the two calculations, confirming the theory discussed in plane section 2 of the report. The slight discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical values can be accredited to possible electromagnetic interference (EMI) from the long connection lead, inducing unwanted voltages across the coil and affecting the accuracy of the results.The racing shell of magnetic flux is affected by the angle at which the flux density and the surf ace interact such that , where is angle between the magnetic flux, B, and the normal to the surface. When the normal to the coil is parallel to the wire, = 90 and therefore cos() = 0, proposing that the theoretical value of magnetic flux is 0. When the coil was placed perpendicular to the fixed wire, a voltage of 0.541mV was measured, which can be approximated to 0V. The small induced voltage can be considered due to the presence of a background magnetic field.With the ferrite introduced into the search coil, the potential difference induced in the coil is measured to be significantly larger than with no ferrite present, as can be seen from figure 5. Due to the high magnetic permeability of a compound such as a ferrite, the magnetic field produced by the coil is grueling in the core material, reducing the effects of EMI and increasing the induced emf in the coil. (10)In the double wire experiment, the voltage induced in the search coil is created through a combination of the mag netic fields produced from both the fixed wire and the short wire. Because it is a series circuit, the current is flowing in opposite directions in each of the wires and consequently, from the right-hand rule, the magnetic fields from each wire are also acting in opposite directions, demonstrated in figure 8. Therefore, it would be expected that the induced voltage across the coil, and subsequently the magnetic flux, B, would be smaller than those measured in the single wire experiment and this is confirmed through the values shown in Appendix A. As the coil is moved away from the wires, the magnetic field weakens but at a decreased rate as the distance increases therefore, we would expect a graph displaying a reciprocal genius, achieved in figures 3 and 4.To conclude, the experiment outlined in this report was successful in demonstrating the effects of magnetic fields produced by long wires and the effects of ferrite on the emf induced in a coil, successfully validating the theor y from section 2 that the magnitude of the magnetic flux field, B, is proportional to the reciprocal of the distance of the coil from the wire.However, the consistently higher experimental values compared to the theoretical values clearly demonstrates the possible disturbances arising from the interaction between two dissimilar magnetic fields and highlights the need to minimise these to achieve accurate results. by dint of the introduction of a ferrite core, this experiment was successful in demonstrating a candid system for this.The findings from this experiment are statistically insignificant due to the nature of the apparatus used and the various possible sources of error, both systematic, because of EMI, and human, arising from the low take aim of accuracy when measuring distances and ensuring the coil remains parallel to the wire. However, the experiment was useful in showing the basic relationship between distance and the volume of magnetic flux, as well as highlightin g the importance of finding solutions to reduce the effects of EMI on induced voltages and introducing a simple method for realizing this.1Encyclopaedia Britannica, Magnetic Field, Encyclopaedia Brittanica, Online. Available https//www.britannica.com/science/magnetic-field. Accessed 19 October 2016.2M. Rouse, Electromagnetic Field, March 2010. Online. Available http//whatis.techtarget.com/definition/electromagnetic-field. Accessed 20 October 2016.3Institute of Physics, Magnetic resonance Imaging, 2012. Online. Available www.iop.org/education/teacher/resources/teaching-medical-physics/magnetic/file_56290.pdf. Accessed 20 October 2016.4K. Bonsor, Maglev Train, 13 October 2000. Online. Available http//science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/maglev-train.htm. Accessed 19 October 2016.5M. Williams, Use of Electromagnets, 13 January 2016. Online. Available http//www.universetoday.com/39295/uses-of-electromagnets/. Accessed 21 October 2016.6Andi, What is electromagnetic inte rference and how does it affect us?, Online. Available https//www.westfloridacomponents.com/blog/what-is-electromagnetic-interference-emi-and-how-does-it-affect-us/. Accessed 21 October 2016.7M. Soleimani, Faradays Law, University of Bath, 2016.8D. Wood, Amperes Law Definiton Examples, Online. Available http//study.com/academy/lesson/amperes-law-definition-examples.html. Accessed 22 October 2016.9Hyper Physics, Faradays Law, Online. Available http//web accumulate.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache85jQ17DaK1wJhyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/farlaw.html+cd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=uk. Accessed 21 October 2016.10Wikipedia, Magnetic Core, Online. Available https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_core. Accessed 23 October 2016.Single Wire Single Wire with Ferrite CoreDouble Wire